arch安装简要记录
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					《Arch安装过程(全新安装)(需要网络)》GPT+UEFI
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					来源于:https://github.com/nakanomikuorg/arch-guide
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					名词解释:
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					AUR:Arch User Repository,用户自行打包软件,不在Arch官方支持内。
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					ARCHCN:中文社区仓库,同上。
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					EULA:专有软件。
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					#####################################################################################################
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					1.基本准备
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					①关闭reflector服务(自动更新软件源功能,由于国内网络原因导致并不好用):systemctl stop reflector.service
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					②(可选)禁用蜂鸣:加入blacklist pcspkr到/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
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					③(可选)查看UEFI:ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
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					④(可选)无线连接:
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					iwctl
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					device list
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					station wlan0 scan
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					station wlan0 get-networks
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					station wlan0 connect wifi-name
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					exit
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					⑤系统时钟:timedatectl set-ntp true
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					⑥国内源:vim /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
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					Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch # 中国科学技术大学开源镜像站
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					Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch # 清华大学开源软件镜像站
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					Server = https://repo.huaweicloud.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch # 华为开源镜像站
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					Server = http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch # 兰州大学开源镜像站
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					#####################################################################################################
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					2.分区与格式化(Btrfs文件系统)
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					①查看分区情况:fdisk -l
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					②分区(GPT)(上下键选分区,左右选功能):cfdisk
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					-- (可选)全新安装多分一个EFI分区(建议512M)(默认是LinuxFilesystem类型,注意更改为EFI System)。
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					-- SWAP分区(建议内存的60%,也可一样)(默认是LinuxFilesystem类型,注意更改为Linux Swap)。
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					-- 由于Btrfs系统,根目录与用户目录一个分区,故剩余空间全部为LinuxFilesystem分区即可。
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					-- write保存。
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					③lsblk查看分区情况。
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					④格式化EFI分区:mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sdxn
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					⑤格式化SWAP分区:mkswap /dev/sdxn
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					⑥格式化BTRFS分区:mkfs.btrfs -L tarch /dev/sdxn
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					⑦创建子卷:
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					-- mount -t btrfs -o compress=zstd /dev/sdxn /mnt
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					-- btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@
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					-- btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@home
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					-- (查看)btrfs subvolume list -p /mnt
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					-- umount /mnt
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					#####################################################################################################
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					3.挂载
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					mount -t btrfs -o subvol=/@,compress=zstd /dev/sdxn /mnt
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					mkdir /mnt/home
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					mount -t btrfs -o subvol=/@home,compress=zstd /dev/sdxn /mnt/home
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					mkdir -p /mnt/boot
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					mount /dev/sdxn /mnt/boot
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					swapon /dev/sdxn
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					#####################################################################################################
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					3.安装(如果使用btrfs文件系统,额外安装一个btrfs-progs包)
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					①pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware btrfs-progs
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					-- (若GPG证书错误,尝试pacman -S archlinux-keyring)
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					②pacstrap /mnt networkmanager vim sudo zsh zsh-completions
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					-- ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
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					③生成磁盘分区信息:genfstab -U /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab
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					④变更到安装到的磁盘中的系统:arch-chroot /mnt
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					⑤设置主机名(如tarch):vim /etc/hostname
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					-- hwclock --systohc
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					⑥设置匹配:vim /etc/hosts
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					127.0.0.1   localhost
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					::1         localhost
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					127.0.1.1   tarch.localdomain tarch
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					⑦设置Locale:vim /etc/locale.gen
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					-- 放开:en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8和zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
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					-- locale-gen
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					-- 向/etc/locale.conf中写入:LANG=en_US.UTF-8
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					⑧设置密码:passwd root
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					⑨安装微码:
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					pacman -S intel-ucode # Intel
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					pacman -S amd-ucode # AMD
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					⑩安装引导程序:pacman -S grub efibootmgr os-prober
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					-- grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=ARCH
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					-- vim /etc/default/grub,去除quiet,loglevel改为5,可以加入nowatchdog
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					-- 如果双系统:GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false
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					-- grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
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					最后:exit,umout -R /mnt,  reboot
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					#####################################################################################################
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					3.配置(pacman -S fastfetch)
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					①设置网络:
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					systemctl enable --now NetworkManager
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					ping www.bilibili.com
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					②如果是无线:
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					nmcli dev wifi list
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					nmcli dev wifi connect "Wi-Fi名(SSID)" password "网络密码"
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					③添加用户
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					useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash myusername
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					passwd myusername
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					EDITOR=vim visudo
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					放开:#%wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
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					④开启32支持:
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					vim /etc/pacman.conf
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					放开:[multilib]和相邻行并添加(选其一即可):
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					[archlinuxcn]
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					Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch # 中国科学技术大学开源镜像站
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					Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch # 清华大学开源软件镜像站
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					Server = https://mirrors.hit.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch # 哈尔滨工业大学开源镜像站
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					Server = https://repo.huaweicloud.com/archlinuxcn/$arch # 华为开源镜像站
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					⑤KDE桌面:
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					-- pacman -Syyu
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					-- pacman -S plasma-meta konsole dolphin # plasma-meta
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					-- pacman -S  plasma-workspace xdg-desktop-portal
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					⑥配置sddm自启动:
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					systemctl enable sddm && reboot
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					⑦基础包:
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					sudo pacman -S sof-firmware alsa-firmware alsa-ucm-conf # 声音固件
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					sudo pacman -S ntfs-3g # 使系统可以识别 NTFS 格式的硬盘
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					sudo pacman -S adobe-source-han-serif-cn-fonts wqy-zenhei # 安装几个开源中文字体。一般装上文泉驿就能解决大多 wine 应用中文方块的问题
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					sudo pacman -S noto-fonts noto-fonts-cjk noto-fonts-emoji noto-fonts-extra # 安装谷歌开源字体及表情
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					sudo pacman -S firefox chromium # 安装常用的火狐、chromium 浏览器
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					sudo pacman -S ark # 压缩软件。在 dolphin 中可用右键解压压缩包
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					sudo pacman -S packagekit-qt6 packagekit appstream-qt appstream # 确保 Discover(软件中心)可用,需重启
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					sudo pacman -S gwenview # 图片查看器
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					sudo pacman -S steam # 游戏商店。稍后看完显卡驱动章节再使用
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					⑧签名
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					sudo pacman -S archlinuxcn-keyring
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					sudo pacman -S yay
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					⑨家目录常见目录如果没有:
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					cd ~
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					ls -hl
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					xdg-user-dirs-update
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